VB.NET from beginner to advanced programmer Part 16 - Multidimensional arrays

[Vswe]

Welcome to the VB.NET tutorial series: "VB.NET from beginner to advanced programmer" which will take you from the very beginning to be a good programmer. VB.NET is a good first language for new programmers so this 21 part long series is written for completely beginners but it will also works perfectly fine if you already know another programming language.


VB.NET from beginner to advanced programmer

1. Introduction and Installation
2. Objects and Events
3. Variables
4. The basic data types
5. Logical Operators
6. Relational Operators
7. If statements Then
8. Arithmetical Operators
9. Loops Part 1
10. Arrays
11. Loops Part 2
12. Try Catch statements
13. Subs and Functions
14. Difference between Scopes
15. Select Statements
16. Multidimensional arrays
17. Structures
18. Classes
19. Enumerations
20. Advanced Comments
21. Compiling Directives

Arrays with only one dimension was the only thing we learned about array earlier. Multidimensional arrays works pretty much the same but there's a few things you must know and think about when you use them.


To create an array with more then one dimension you just separate them with commas when declaring the array. Like this:

Dim anExample(4, 3) As Integer

So now we have declared an array with two arrays, one with the size 5 and one with the size 4. This means the array have 20(5*4) places to store values in.

To access the values you just use the same principle:

Dim anExample(4, 3) As Integer
anExample(0, 3) = 5
MessageBox.Show(anExample(0, 3))

Note that you also can declare empty multidimensional arrays:

Dim anExample(,) As Integer

Redim

This will in some cases work a little bit different then with one dimensional arrays.

This will work as expected:

Dim anExample(,) As Integer
ReDim anExample(3, 3)

and this too:

Dim anExample(2, 1) As Integer
ReDim anExample(3, 3)

However when we use preserve to keep the values in the array we'll find a difference.

This still works:

Dim anExample(,) As Integer
ReDim Preserve anExample(3, 3)

But not this:

Dim anExample(2, 1) As Integer
ReDim Preserve anExample(3, 3)

The reason is that when you're using preserve when redimming an multidimensional array you can only change the size of the dimension to the far right. But as you saw above we can set all sizes that haven't been already set without any troubles. To correct the above code we change the first "3" to a "2" we won't change the size of that dimension and therefor it will work:

Dim anExample(2, 1) As Integer
ReDim Preserve anExample(2, 3)

.GetUpperBound and .Length

.GetUpperBound will work the same as when you're using one dimensional arrays. Just remember to use the right index. .Length will still return the length of the array but remember that the length is now the size of the dimensions multiplied with each other. For example:

Dim anExample(9, 99) As Integer
MessageBox.Show("Dimension 1(index 0) has the size: " & anExample.GetUpperBound(0) + 1)
MessageBox.Show("Dimension 2(index 1) has the size: " & anExample.GetUpperBound(1) + 1)
MessageBox.Show("The size of the array: " & anExample.Length & "=" & anExample.GetUpperBound(0) + 1 & "*" & anExample.GetUpperBound(1) + 1)

will give us the output:

Dimension 1(index 0) has the size: 10
Dimension 2(index 1) has the size: 100
The size of the array: 1000=10*100

For each

When using for each on a multidimensional array you need to know which order it gets the item. This simple example show how it works, the numbers from 1 to 9 will be showed in the correct order.

        Dim anExample(2, 2) As Integer
        anExample(0, 0) = 1
        anExample(0, 1) = 2
        anExample(0, 2) = 3
        anExample(1, 0) = 4
        anExample(1, 1) = 5
        anExample(1, 2) = 6
        anExample(2, 0) = 7
        anExample(2, 1) = 8
        anExample(2, 2) = 9

        For Each item In anExample
            MessageBox.Show(item)
        Next

More then two dimensions

I have always talked about multidimensional arrays instead of two dimensional arrays, the reason is simple, you can use three dimensions if you want or all the way up to 32 dimensions if you would like. We can only imagine 3 dimensions normally but that doesn't mean we can't create arrays with a huge number of dimensions. Be careful though, your arrays can easily take up a huge space of memory. For example if you have an array with dimensions with the sizes 10, 15, 20, 2 and 5 the array will have 10*15*20*2*5=30,000 elements. A few examples, you probably get the idea:

Dim anExample(2, 1, 3, 2) As Integer

Dim anExample(,,) As Integer
ReDim anExample(1, 4, 6)

Dim anExample(5, 1, 3) As String
anExample(1, 0, 2) = "Let's store this here"

Dim anExample(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31) As Integer

That was all about multidimensional arrays. Just remember, don't make them too big(the last example is actually too big, an error will occur). See you later.

[Jordan]

Ah, here it is! Nicely done.
+rep

[Vswe]

Thanks, what do you think of the last array? Is it something you would've used?