Java:Tutorial - A better looking GUI

[John]

This is the fourth of a few tutorials that will show you how to create graphical user interfaces using java.

Prerequisites
This tutorial is moderately difficult. If you know the Java basics please refer to my previous tutorials. If you do know the Java basics you should be familiar with my previous tutorials on GUI's. To read my tutorials please refer to my INDEX

The Idea
In order for your program to be attractive, the user must be able to easily navigate through your program. By creating a GUI the user is presented with all the features of the program in a clear and coherent manner. Adding buttons to your interface allow for user interaction which is the reason for a GUI.

Solution
Although the idea introduced in the tutorial isn’t very big and doesn’t deserve to be its own tutorial, I changed the basic code we’ve been using so I felt it was worth while to point out a different method to create a window. It uses basic ideas I’ve explained in previous tutorials, but since this is how I will be creating most of my windows from now on, you should observe the changes and try to understand them.

This code does the exact same thing on the outside as a pervious tutorial I made, but there are significant changes. Lets take a look at the code:

 package cctuts;

import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class InterfaceFour implements ActionListener {
    JFrame interfaceFrame;
    JButton startButton;
    
    public InterfaceFour() {
    	interfaceFrame = new JFrame("First GUI");
    	interfaceFrame.setSize(200,70);
    	interfaceFrame.setVisible(true);
    	
		startButton = new JButton("Start");
		startButton.addActionListener(this);
		interfaceFrame.add(startButton);
    
		interfaceFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		interfaceFrame.setVisible(true);
    }

	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent a) {
		for(int i = 0; true; i++){
			System.out.println(i);
		}
	}
	
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new InterfaceFour();
    }
}

As you see, rather than extending JFrame I’ve made an object called interfaceFrame. Essentially the code is exactly the same, but all the JFrame methods you want to use have to be called on the specific object, on our case interfaceFrame, and you do that by using the period. If you noticed, JFrame() accepts a string parameter where you can add the title of the application; I named it “First GUI.” Moreover I defined the object types as instance variables so they can be referenced in other parts of the code.

The other tidbit I wanted to point out in this tutorial is you can make your program “look” better by setting the default look and feel by adding this code

 JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);

This final code is important to understand because my future tutorials will be more complex and feed off this idea.

 package cctuts;

import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class InterfaceFour implements ActionListener {
    JFrame interfaceFrame;
    JButton startButton;
    
    public InterfaceFour() {
    	JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
    	interfaceFrame = new JFrame("First GUI");
    	interfaceFrame.setSize(200,70);
    	interfaceFrame.setVisible(true);
    	
		startButton = new JButton("Start");
		startButton.addActionListener(this);
		interfaceFrame.add(startButton);
    
		interfaceFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		interfaceFrame.setVisible(true);
    }

	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent a) {
		for(int i = 0; true; i++){
			System.out.println(i);
		}
	}
	
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new InterfaceFour();
    }
}

Image: