I think you shall find a find a tutorial or book which takes you from the start to the end of the basics of C++. It sounds like you have learned something from one place, something else from another place again, and something third from a third place. When you know most of the basics, then you can start going more into details with specific topics, and slowly learning about new stuff.
There's lots of different tutorials and books, and many of them are aimed at beginners like you, so it shouldn't be very difficult to pick one. Cplusplus.com has
a tutorial, which covers many of the basics of C++. If you would rather have a book, I've heard that
Accelerated C++ should be a good book to start with.